牺牲1986

经典的书写者是人。人是不可信赖的。那所以的经典都值得怀疑。千万别迷信，尽管它们是历史的。如果要盲信，圣经算一个，《老子》算一个。它们似乎没有“人的作品”的脆弱和局限。余下的一切都要冷眼旁观。
在电影里，塔尔科夫斯基却必须带着信仰看。不是它早已超凡出尘的缘故，而是缺乏信仰的人难以解读，也无法欣赏。就拿《牺牲》来说吧，为什么亚历山大要烧掉自己的家园？为什么他被家人认为是疯子而送进救护车？为什么他要去寻找邮递员（魔鬼）所说的“魔女”玛利亚？为什么做了玛利亚的情人就能拯救世界？问题的答案就在电影的标题——《牺牲》，是宗教奉献、祭祀的意思。只要我们每天都向日本树浇一桶水，终有一天这棵生命会复活。生命的意义与信仰联系在一起。这种无条件的奉献行为就是信仰。亚历山大（自知得了癌症的塔尔科夫本人）厌倦了和妻子、女儿日复一日过着令人满足而又绝望的小资生活，他怀着拯救“世界末日”的愿望，做了可怕的纵火举动，并期待着人类的新生。躺在树下的孩子代表着人类的希望说了第一句话：“人的开始就是语言，为什么？（《圣经》译为太初有道）”
在塔尔科夫的最后日子里，他不得不为自己的电影艺术做了断。选择与《乡愁》中多米尼科经历相仿的亚历山大做主角，塔氏通过他的喃喃自语、他的疯狂举动表达了自己对人类未来的先天下之忧。约瑟夫森回忆说塔氏常常真诚地谈起他对现代科技、核武器的忧虑，他复杂的天真对约氏的思想产生重大影响，直到今天犹存遗迹。我看到影片的末尾，亚历山大穿着道袍，黑漆漆的底色上着一个阴与阳符号，让我想到塔氏晚年对演员不做控制的导演方式，好像道一般让表演自生自灭，同时每一个演员又产生自己特殊的价值。他把重心放到意境表达上了，比如对古典美术、巴赫音乐的使用，传达出世纪末的文化怀旧情绪；塔氏简明的维密尔式的房间陈设，一窗一床而已；反映人类冲出精神教堂的黑白胶片的插入，都把塔氏的晚年心境与急着做总结的焦虑表露无余。
追求宗教画般的简约高贵的色彩，与尼维斯特出神入化的长镜头使用（如《七部半》中把塔氏的镜头风格说成是长久的凝视是恰如其分的，没有窥视、流览，而是如哲学家的眼睛一般缓缓观察），极佳地契合了塔氏的思想表述，成就了一部重要的堪称《乡愁》前传的电影（此片中他终于燃烧了自己。《潜行者》也相关）。我把这样的电影当成一种开放式的哲学谈话，从一开始对时间的感觉（总在等待真正的人生）、死亡、轮回的二人谈话（也许就是塔式幻想的与奥托所做的谈话），主角一个人独白的厌世、谴世，欣赏古典画作的高贵精神、祁祷——虔诚地转入对神的信仰，对恐惧的表达等等。我想，俄国人毕竟会向虔信投降的，他们深刻的救世论与向伯格曼致敬的瑞典小资性结合在一起。让我弄不清该把塔氏定义为救世者还是逃世者，抑或两者皆有？


附录塔氏与吉迪恩•巴克曼的访谈：“我也像戈尔恰科夫一样永远留在了意大利，似乎命运决定了要这样。安纳托里•索罗尼岑的死加深了我的宿命观。按我的设想，《乡愁》里的戈尔恰科夫和《奉献》里的亚历山大都是要由他来扮演的。他死于癌症，几年以后我也遭此厄运。”
“在国内从不考虑要花多少钱。我的主人公多半是弱者，我喜欢观察他们如何解决与动荡的社会环境的冲突，是退让还是坚持自己的原则。我的好朋友托尼诺帮助我设计了戈这个历史学教授，他的知己只有多米尼克，托斯卡纳居民眼中的疯子。他用世界末日吓唬自己的家人，把他们锁在家中七年之久。他始终寻求生命的意义，在他的观念中就是自由和狂热。另一方面他又像孩童般的好奇和敏感，他不像戈那样精神脆弱而且经历着深刻的生活危机，而很单纯、直截了当，并相信自己醒悟了的潜意识可以找到解决整个社会病态的出路。生活中的强者是那些能始终保持着童稚的信赖和直觉的信念的人。戈恰好缺少对自己的行为的信心，因此对多十分着迷。我认为自己是与土地、人民有着深厚联系的知识分子，我必须尽自己的最大可能创造出我们生活的时代的精神艺术。我尽量运用主观的逻辑——思想、梦境和记忆——代替主体的逻辑。”
“亚历山大是一位随笔作家、戏剧评论家和大学教师，他既体会过大恶（演RIII），也体会过大善（梅什金）。还有面对未来，以尼采专家学者奥托为代表，他说我恐怕不相信上帝。奥托说，不要伤心、不必苦恼、更不要指望什么。房子是塔氏电影结构的基石——代表亲缘、家人和世代的更迭。亚历山大的英国妻子阿德莱德（苏珊•弗利特伍德）当年无疑是个美女，也和意大利的尤金尼亚一样生活上未能得到满足，也穿着和她一样的潇洒服饰。她有一个成年女儿马尔塔（弗兰岑饰。前一次婚姻的产物），还有一个人物是此家人的医生兼朋友维克多（沃尔特）。他们过着悠闲自在的生活，在户外饮茶或咖啡，彼此深深互相吸引。母女间隐含着为英俊医生争风吃醋的意味。电视机里宣布的战争并没有立即带来末日气氛，而是妻子的歇斯底里大发作，她裸露着的光滑双腿晃来晃去，发泄出她内心隐秘的恐惧和情欲：对医生的依恋、对女儿的醋意，对丈夫的不满。摄影机再次推向达芬奇的《博士来拜》，这意味着一件重要的事情就要开始了。亚历山大的主观黑白镜头展现的是他的末日景象，他如同一个造物主。”

2008年?月

油画 --娟娟流水声 大海 海鸟 ---声音
一定是每次潮来 潮退 ， 水留在弯岩里 逗留然后旋回着 在重力驱使下找寻
wait---- hope
======
What dwarf?
Oh, you know who I mean!
That hunchback!
Eh? The one Nietzsche mentioned.
-----
76
00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:20,998
And I've always felt as if...
as if the living I've done so far
hasn't actually been real life
but a long wait for it...
a long wait for something real,
something important!
What about you?
00:10:36,2
Yes, if that's what you mean.
00:10:38,
I just never knew you were
interested in that kind of problem.
00:10:
But I am! I most certainly am!
Unfortunately.
Sometimes I get
the most peculiar notions.
--------------
persona??? 前面对 not real
00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:13,272
For some reason, I started
feeling embarrassed on stage.
I was ashamed to impersonate someone
else, to play others' emotions.
But worst of all, I was ashamed
of being honest on stage.
It was a critic who first saw that.
But it wasn't sudden, not at all.
320
00:27:34,760 --> 00:27:39,276
So you mean that an actor
may not keep his ego intact?

That he must lose his identity?
322
00:27:42,440 --> 00:27:44,271
No, not quite.
What I mean is that an actor's
identity dissolves in his roles.
I didn't want my ego dissolved.
There was something in it
that struck me as sinful,
something feminine and weak.
327
00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:06,594
Aha! Feminine!
So that's what's sinful!
328
00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:10,270
I liked you as an actor, so you quit.
That's it!
===========
00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:50,268
But it's far too much!
Too much, Otto!

363
00:30:50,480 --> 00:30:53,278
I know it's no sacrifice, but...

364
00:30:53,480 --> 00:30:58,429
And why shouldn't it be?
Of course it's a sacrifice!

365
00:30:59,480 --> 00:31:02,756
Every gift involves a sacrifice.

366
00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:06,430
If not, what kind of gift
would it be?
====
From about 1478 to 1482, Leonardo had his own studio in Florence. During this time he got an important commission to paint a church altarpiece, now known as the 'Adoration of the Three Kings'. It is still not done today! The work has figures with only the light and dark areas visible as outlines. The 'Adoration of the Three Kings' shows three kings worshiping the Christ child. Leonardo changed the usual way this scene is usually viewed in the Christian faith.
Three leaders of the Chinese Christian Church[3] cite an alternate proposal for the origin of one of the Magi. They state that many Chinese Christians believe at least one of the Magi came from China. They cite anecdotal evidence about Liu Shang, the chief astrologer during the Han dynasty in China at the time that Jesus was born. Liu Shang discovered a new star the Chinese called the "king star" - which was associated with the birth of a new king. The disappearance of Liu Shang from China's imperial court for two years shortly after this star was discovered, they interpret as perhaps traveling the Silk Road to Bethlehem.
英语？？
00:58:03,360 --> 00:58:05,316
Alexander!
I can't bear it any more!
Please, please!
===========
653
01:02:44,080 --> 01:02:46,310
I think I know, now.
We simply don't want
to depend on anyone.
When two people love each other,
they don't love in the same way.
One of them is strong,
the other, weaker.
And the weaker is always the one
who loves without reckoning...
without reservation.
[卡比利亚之夜].Nights.Of.Cabiria
----1：13 oh , lord ~`
war~~ the fear of death
从此 他安然与死神下棋
拿枪 杀谁？ 孩子 风动的窗帘 一暗一明
裸体的女人 挺立的小乳房 在孩子的床 周围无目的地走动
我的镜头 如侯猎的豹子 慢慢走进 移动 平行移动
心是平静的 平静到极点
透过Adoration of the Three Kings 玻璃的 背影的走远 摄像机呢？
chance

Piero della Francesca 彼埃罗.德拉.夫朗彻斯卡 老头看的那本画册是谁的画？
again --Adoration of the Three King 映着大树 正面老头来
878
01:27:20,440 --> 01:27:24,319
Anyway, I prefer
Piero della Francesca!

879
01:28:24,320 --> 01:28:28,108
<i>As I understood Alexander's words,</i>
<i>he meant</i>
<i>that it is peculiar for a man</i>
<i>to change, of his own free will,</i>
<i>into a work of art.</i>
<i>Generally,</i>
<i>the result of all poetic striving</i>
<i>lies so far from its author</i>
<i>that one can hardly believe</i>
<i>that it is a man-made creation.</i>
<i>In the case of the actor, though,</i>
<i>the reverse is true.</i>
<i>The actor is, himself, his own</i>
<i>creation, his own work of art.</i>、
==persona 演员 actress acting drama--trauma
1：30 again 拿枪 从理疗盒 盒子中
prelude
-964
01:44:27,760 --> 01:44:31,719
put on fresh underwear,
a new jacket, even a tie.
Then I sat down in the chair
to see what I'd made,
through her eyes, as it were.
I...
I sat there...
and looked out through the window.
I had prepared myself
to enjoy the sight.
Anyway, I looked out the window
and saw...
What did I see?
Where had all the beauty gone?

All that was natural.

It was so disgusting.

All that evidence of violence!
戈黛娃夫人（Lady Godiva,或称Godgifu, 约990年—1067年9月10日）是一名英格兰盎格鲁—萨克逊的贵族妇女，依据传说，她为了争取减免丈夫强加于 ... 究竟这个故事中的戈黛娃夫人是称为Godiva还是Godgifu（「gift of God」上帝的礼物）在历史上仍是未知数。 ...
Godiva (or Godgifu) (c. 990?–September 10, 1067) was an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman who, according to legend, rode naked through the streets of Coventry in England in order to gain a remission of the oppressive toll imposed by her husband on his tenants. The name "peeping Tom" for a voyeur comes from later versions of this legend in which a man named Tom watched her ride and was stricken blind.
2007/4/24
迷失于GODIVA
1：49 花瓶振动 后面什么神动
01:48:40,400 --> 01:48:42,755
Save us, Maria!
But why?
You poor, poor man!
Why? No, not that way!
43 glasses 风铃一般
人行道 梦跑 again
1039
01:51:12,320 --> 01:51:18,077
I c-c-can't!

1040
01:51:19,960 --> 01:51:21,313
I can't!

1041
01:51:21,760 --> 01:51:23,512
Drink this.

1042
01:51:23,720 --> 01:51:25,392
No.

1043
01:51:25,600 --> 01:51:27,272
There...

1044
01:51:30,920 --> 01:51:33,275
It'll soon be over.

1045
01:51:41,520 --> 01:51:45,911
What's frightened you so, Alexander?

1046
01:52:35,320 --> 01:52:36,275
Mama!
裸舞的女人 谁 ？ 鸡
victor
1076
01:58:28,640 --> 01:58:33,395
The fact is, what I'm most tired of
is the lot of you.

1077
01:58:36,560 --> 01:58:39,120
Tired of being your nursemaid.

1078
01:58:43,520 --> 01:58:46,080
Your nursemaid and your warden.

1079
01:58:49,720 --> 01:58:51,756
Tired of wiping your noses.
============
japan
两次关的音乐？？
一段音乐 笙箫 呜呜
====
小孩在给japanese tree 浇水
10
00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:01,998
a monk named Ioann Kolov,
that he should water the tree
each day until it came to life.
Put a few stones there, will you?
Anyway, early every morning
Ioann filled a bucket
with water and went out.
He climbed up the mountain
and watered the withered tree
and in the evening
when darkness had fallen
he returned to the monastery.

18
00:06:33,200 --> 00:06:35,998
He did this for three years.
And one fine day, he climbed
up the mountain and saw
that the whole tree
was covered with blossoms!
Say what you will, but a method,
a system, has its virtues.

22
00:06:54,320 --> 00:07:00,156
You know, sometimes I say to myself,
if every single day,
at exactly the same
stroke of the clock,
one were to perform
the same single act,
like a ritual,
unchanging, systematic,
every day at the same time,
the world would be changed.
Yes, something would change.
It would have to.
==============
1176
02:20:28,000 --> 02:20:30,958
"In the beginning was the Word."

1177
02:20:33,080 --> 02:20:35,753
Why is that, Papa?

1178
02:22:17,320 --> 02:22:24,476
This film is dedicated
to my son Andriosha

1179
02:22:24,680 --> 02:22:31,836
with hope and confidence
Andrei Tarkovsky
=====
00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:15,156
Au revoir!

138
00:14:17,520 --> 00:14:18,475
What?

139
00:14:18,680 --> 00:14:20,477
What are you mumbling about?

140
00:14:20,680 --> 00:14:23,353
"In the beginning was the Word."

141
00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:27,476
But you are mute, mute as a fish.

142
00:14:27,680 --> 00:14:29,159
A little roach! (smelt)
02：05：04 回车
2.11.28----17.22
Most of the film takes place inside or around a house that was specially built for the production. The climactic scene at the end of the film is a long tracking shot in which Alexander burns his house and his possessions. It was done in a single, six minute, fifty second take, often misstated as Tarkovsky's longest shot.[
-
Sixtyish philosopher Alexander (Erland Josephson) lives in a beautiful house on an island off Sweden’s Baltic coast, with English wife Adelaide (Susan Fleetwood), teenage daughter Julia (Valerie Maitesse) and young son, known only as Gossen, or “Little Man” (Tommy Kjellvqist). It’s Alexander’s birthday, and he’s visited by eccentric bicycling postman Otto (Allan Erdawll) and smug doctor Viktor (Sven Wollter), who is “carrying on” with Adelaide. Out of the blue, a nuclear war is announced on TV - the telephones and electricity are cut off, and the air is filled with the deafening roar of passing jets. All looks bleak - but then Alexander fervently prays, asking God to avert the impending apocalypse, in return offering to turn his back on his home and family, and take a vow of silence. Next morning, he wakes to find that, somehow, the threat of annihilation has been lifted - and now it’s up to him to keep his side of the bargain...

The Sacrifice is like a compendium of all the ideas (faith, role of artist, power of nature, virtue of childhood) and images (love as levitation, a boy standing by a tree) from his previous six films. As usual, there’s a baffling rush of philosophical debate, stitched together with some of the most astonishing shots in all cinema. Watching this long film is an intermittently dazzling experience, but also somewhat unsatisfying. Just how much of what we’re watching is real, and how much is Alexander’s hallucination - we’re given clues along the way, such a bicycle being parked in a certain way, only to reappear in a slightly different place later on - is open to question. In Tarkovsky’s films, dreams are nothing if not cinematic. But piecing together the director’s “intention” seems to be missing the point. 　　费里尼的【Orchestra Rehearsal】是唯一没看完的，一群人唧唧刮刮地说话说得我头晕，流畅，太流畅了，而我亲近于涩而重的。
　　还有塔可夫斯基，我连关于他的记录片都找来了，【The Genius, The Man, the Legend--Andrei Tarkovsky】瑞典人Michal Leszczylowski拍的，大致是表现塔如何拍【牺牲】，感觉比看【雕刻时光】强多了，塔是个很在意细节和感受的人，凳子怎么摆，窗帘往哪儿飘都特讲究，讲道理却不行，【鲁伯廖夫】DVD里有他的访谈录，他居然爬到一棵树上去讲艺术和人生的意义，我脑子里蹦出两个字：耍猴。【第七封印】和【鲁伯廖夫】一比，柏格曼有必要买块豆腐一头撞死，但【雕刻时光】和【魔灯】一比，可以拔根头发上吊的是塔可夫斯基。当然，这只是我胡说。
The camera work is slow and contains all the hallmarks of Tarkovsky and Nykvist. The film features a haunting soundtrack which has three distinct pieces that stand out: the passionate aria Erbarme dich from Johann Sebastian Bach's Mattheus Passion, soothing Japanese flute music, and eerie traditional chants from the Swedish forests (in the old days farm girls used to call home the livestock from their forest pastures in this way). The film also contains several long closeups of Leonardo da Vinci's Adoration of the Magi.

The film uses long takes more than Tarkovsky's previous films. The opening, post-credits shot (a tracking shot of Alexander, Little Man, and Otto talking and walking) lasts nine minutes and twenty-six seconds, and is the longest take in all of Tarkovsky's work.[citation needed] Shots lasting between six and eight minutes are commonplace in the film, and there are only 115 shots in the entire film.[citation needed]
===========
It was out of such ideas that I decided to make The Sacrifice. The sole means of returning to a normal relationship with life is to restore one's independence vis-a-vis the material things of life and consequently reaffirm one's spiritual essence. In this film I deal with one of the aspects of this struggle for anyone living in society: the Christian concept of self-sacrifice. If one has never known such a feeling, never experienced such a desire, then, as far as I am concerned, one ceased to be a man, one begins to revert to the animal condition and becomes a strange machine, an object to be experimented with by society and the state. On the other hand, if one acquires a moral autonomy, one may discover within oneself a capacity for self-sacrifice.
不需要 妻子的hysteric
When one is hungry, one goes to a shop and buys something to eat; but when one is truly depressed, in a kind of spiritual crisis. there Is nowhere to go, except to sexologists and psychoanalysts who have no understanding of what is going on inside one. They are voyeurs and chatterboxes, who console you, soothe you and cost you the earth. They are charlatans, but terribly fashionable charlatans.
信息之奴
In my films one often finds the theme of language, whether present or absent. The fact is that the power of speech which has been given us has an absolutely extraordinary influence. It can inspire us to great or evil actions. And yet, these days, it has lost its value. The world is jam packed with empty chatter. All that information of which we pretend to have such need - consider radio and television - all those permanent infinite debates to be found in newspapers, all that is empty and meaningless. We imagine that, to survive, man has to know all kinds of things which in fact he does not need in the slightest; it's a strictly useless kind of knowledge. We shall all die beneath the weight of this garrulous information. In reality, it is better to act than to speak. As for the words, the phrases, with which we communicate - and this applies to art - they ought to be divested of all trace of passion. It is in the nostalgia that we feel for the Olympian principle, for its coldness, its classical sobriety, that resides the magic, the secret, of the great metaphysical masterpieces.
回到你自己introverted rather than the reverse.
Obviously, the artist himself is a creature of passion, but he dilutes that passion in the forms that he creates. In any case, inserting one's own emotions in a work of art is always vulgar. That's why I am so attracted to Oriental art; or else Bach, who is an ideal representative of art, or Leonardo da Vinci. Though each man most be Capable of expressing himself that he must channel his self-expression does not imply having publicly to produce a book or a film. It is this human vanity which is so typical of the West and which is not to be found in the Orient whose philosophy demands that man withdraw into himself, that he be introverted rather than the reverse.
=====================
I could see that he obviously was not very interested in lighting. To him, of primary importance were composition, camera movements, the literally moving image.
Close-ups are also strikingly rare in Tarkovskij's movies. He preferred to see the actors' movements at a distance, almost choreographed, and alway in the center of the frame.
We had special-effects people brought in from England as there was a requirement in place that the house burn down in eight minutes and ten seconds sharp. Otherwise the film cartridge would run out.
For an entire week this scene was meticulously rehearsed. We had decided to not shoot the scene under sunlit conditions, and so we were forced to get up at two o'clock in the morning, do a few test runs, and then to commence shooting the scene at a carefully selected moment just prior to sunrise.

Approximately half-way through the take, my assistant yells out, "Sven - the camera is losing speed! We got twenty..., now we're at sixteen frames per second! What shall we do?"


We received some additional funding through our Japanese co-producer, and in the end we all decided to give it another shot. Nothing is impossible, as Ingmar Bergman was fond of saying. It was his gang behind the camera here. The house was re-built!

Fortunately, it turned out just fantastic. As the smoke billowed forth from the house the sun shone right through it and generated some truly great shading on the ground. It was a lucky strike indeed that the sun appeared - entirely to our advantage, and Tarkovskij was exceedingly pleased when he saw the end result.
I also asked him why he never showed up in Rome. "I was too shy," he said, "Bergman and Fellini are way too big for me."
----------Sven Nykvist
On the Shooting of The Sacrifice

        第一天早上《安德烈•卢布廖夫》下午《牺牲》，塔可夫斯基的早期作品和遗作。和看完《乡愁》时一样难以言表的感受。就影片的气质来说，《牺牲》与《乡愁》无疑更为接近，这大概也是今天的两部中更喜欢《牺牲》的原因。
        放映的开头十多分钟字幕员姐姐一直没有调整好状态，导致我前十多分钟一直痛苦地和自己的英语速读能力和词汇量作斗争。好在后来正常了一些之后并无大碍。
        与《乡愁》类似，《牺牲》的故事被繁复的台词和冷涩的长镜头悬置起来。这样的个人风格总是让我疑心，能看懂塔可夫斯基的人，要么是诗人，要么是哲学家，要么是诗人和哲学家的交集——疯子。所以影片诗人的部分，有人在捕捉；哲学的部分，有人在沉睡；疯子的部分，有人在嘲笑。
        塔可夫斯基先有了《牺牲》的构想，接着拍摄了乡愁，最后拍出了和原先的构想截然不同的《牺牲》，他原先的构想暂不揣测，但两个故事的内在逻辑承接性却是毋庸置疑的。
        亚历山大和儿子种下了那棵枯树，枯树在消失了一整部影片后在最后回到视野之中，和给老塔孩子的"宽慰与希望"一起作结。枯树死寂的意象颇似鲁迅短篇里蜿蜒游过的蛇。同样代表着恶的毁灭中的重生背后，塔可夫斯基相比鲁迅的最大不同大概就是这种环绕型的救赎中浓厚的宗教色彩。第三次世界大战爆发的消息传来，亚历山大的精神国度战栗后垮塌，最终在上帝的先知神意"邮递"之下寻找"圣交"的解决，"应验"之后他发了疯，烧了房子，在水滩里跌倒，钻进救护车又逃出来拥抱......
        虔敬靠表白和牺牲来证明，毁灭又报答信仰，成为最后的牺牲。在哲学失去一切解开人的未完成性的可能之后，神再一次成为最终文明接续的咬合。《乡愁》里的一支蜡烛在《牺牲》中烧成了一整幢小屋的浓烟和烈焰。就像鲁迅笔下"孽风毒焰"下匍匐的苍白的新希望。
        而所谓的希望是否只是意味着鼓励下一代的人继续着上一代重复的轮回?
        潜行的蛇可以头尾相连形成无尽的圆，枯木假如会重新萌发是否也终将再次干涸，人类也总是重复着往日的悲辛和自嘲般的慰藉与期许。这种环形的意象在亚历山大穿的道服上再明显不过。太初有一，而道潜行天地，人类再兜兜转转都不得不回到“一”中。而另一个悲哀暗示则是亚历山大对自己和儿子“日本人”的自况，日本的“物哀”观与本片表达的思想显然也是可以契合的。因为自然和命运不可抗拒，所以人的一切挣扎都显得如此多余。
        对老塔还没有什么了解，只是掺入了过多的个人理解之后，信仰和牺牲的价值本身也在被重新悬置而后言说。最终，文明会否咬断自己的咽喉重新演绎，这样的矛盾大概是老塔最根源的乡愁和牺牲的悯然吧。
        以及这大概是我所看的仅有的不到两百部长片里的最佳了。